Make & Do Explanation

Make & Do Explanation | Englisch Grammatik

Es gibt allgemeine Richtlinien, die Ihnen dabei helfen können, zu entscheiden, ob Sie "make" oder "do" verwenden sollen, auch wenn es Ausnahmen gibt und viele Ausdrücke einfach auswendig gelernt werden müssen. Hier ist eine Aufschlüsselung:

Allgemeine Regeln für​ "Make"

1. Etwas schaffen oder produzieren:
   • Verwenden Sie "make", wenn Sie etwas erschaffen, konstruieren oder produzieren wollen, das es vorher nicht gab.
   • Beispiele:
     • Make a cake (create a cake)
     • Make a plan (develop a plan)
     • Make a decision (formulate a decision)
2. Verursachen einer Reaktion oder eines Ergebnisses:
   • Verwenden Sie "make", wenn Ihre Handlungen etwas bewirken oder ein Ergebnis hervorbringen.
   • Examples:
     • Make someone happy (cause someone to feel happy)
     • Make a noise (produce a noise)
3. For Food, Drinks, and Meals:
   • Verwenden Sie "make", wenn Sie Speisen oder Getränke zubereiten oder kochen.
   • Examples:
     • Make dinner
     • Make a cup of coffee

​
Allgemeine Regeln für "Do"​

1. Ausführen von Handlungen oder Aktivitäten:
   • Verwenden Sie "do", wenn Sie über allgemeine Handlungen, Aufgaben oder Tätigkeiten sprechen, insbesondere über Routine- oder sich wiederholende Tätigkeiten.
   • Examples:
     • Do homework
     • Do the laundry
     • Do the dishes
2. Über die Arbeit oder die Pflichten sprechen:
   • Verwenden Sie "do", wenn Sie sich auf arbeitsbezogene Aufgaben oder Verantwortlichkeiten beziehen.
   • Examples:
     • Do a job
     • Do the housework
     • Do business
3. Für nicht spezifische Aktivitäten:
   • Use "do" when the activity isn't specified or is very general.
   • Examples:
     • Do something
     • Do nothing
     • Do your best

Wesentliche Unterschiede​:

• "Make" impliziert in der Regel die Schaffung von etwas Greifbarem (wie "ein Sandwich machen") oder Abstraktem (wie "eine Entscheidung treffen").
• "Do" bezieht sich in der Regel auf die Ausführung von Aufgaben, Pflichten oder Aktivitäten (wie "einkaufen" oder "einen Gefallen tun").

Gebräuchliche Kollokationen​
Einige Ausdrücke sind feststehend und müssen auswendig gelernt werden:

• Make: a decision, a mistake, a noise, money, friends, an effort, arrangements
• Do: homework, business, the dishes, a favor, research, a job

Ausnahmen und Überschneidungen​Some expressions can use both "make" and "do" but with different meanings:

• Make the bed (organize the bedding) vs. Do the bed (incorrect; only "make" is correct here).

​
In vielen Fällen werden Sie sich auf Ihre Erfahrung und den Kontext verlassen müssen, da die englische Sprache oft starren Regeln widerspricht, insbesondere bei Phrasal Verbs und Kollokationen.

"Make," "Do," "Have," and "Take"

Make

• a mistake (an error)
• a meal (prepare and cook something to eat)
• money (become rich)
• friends
• a decision
• a noise
• progress (U) (improvement)

Do

• homework (U)
• the housework (U) (cleaning)
• subjects (study subjects)
• a course
• the shopping (buy food)
• research (U) (detailed study on one subject)
• (someone) a favor (do something to help someone)
• something/anything/nothing

Have

• a rest (relax / do nothing)
• food and drink
• a drink (drink something)
• a bath/shower
• a party
• a baby (be pregnant or give birth)
• a (nice/great/terrible) time

Take

• an exam (also "do an exam")
• a photo
• a decision (also "make")
• a shower (also "have")
• a bus/train/plane/taxi

Examples for Each Category

Make

1. Make a mistake: She made a mistake on her math test.
2. Make a meal: He loves to make a meal from scratch every Sunday.
3. Make money: They made a lot of money investing in the stock market.
4. Make friends: It's easy to make friends when you join a club.
5. Make a decision: We need to make a decision about where to go on vacation.
6. Make a noise: Please don't make a noise while the baby is sleeping.
7. Make progress: You've made a lot of progress in your language skills.

Do

1. Do homework: I need to do my homework before I go out.
2. Do the housework: She does the housework every Saturday morning.
3. Do subjects: He is doing three subjects at university this semester.
4. Do a course: I'm doing a course in graphic design.
5. Do the shopping: We do the shopping every Friday afternoon.
6. Do research: They are doing research on climate change.
7. Do a favor: Can you do me a favor and pick up my mail?

Have

1. Have a rest: After the hike, we had a rest under a tree.
2. Have food and drink: Let's have some food and drink before the movie starts.
3. Have a drink: Would you like to have a drink with me?
4. Have a bath/shower: I always have a shower after my morning run.
5. Have a party: We're having a party for his graduation.
6. Have a baby: She is going to have a baby in December.
7. Have a nice/great/terrible time: We had a great time at the amusement park.

Take

1. Take an exam: I'm going to take my driving exam next week.
2. Take a photo: She took a photo of the beautiful sunset.
3. Take a decision: It's hard to take a decision when both options are good.
4. Take a shower: I'll take a shower before we leave for dinner.
5. Take a bus/train/plane/taxi: We took a taxi to the hotel because it was raining.

Make

1. Make a mistake:
   • Explanation: "Make" is used when creating or causing something. In this case, "making a mistake" means causing an error through action or decision.
2. Make a meal:
   • Explanation: "Make" is used for preparing and cooking food. It involves combining ingredients to create something to eat.
3. Make money:
   • Explanation: "Make" refers to earning or generating income. It is often used when discussing how someone gains wealth or profits.
4. Make friends:
   • Explanation: "Make" is used here to describe the process of forming relationships. It implies the creation of a friendly relationship with someone.
5. Make a decision:
   • Explanation: "Make" is used to describe the process of choosing between options. It implies actively deciding on a course of action.
6. Make a noise:
   • Explanation: "Make" refers to producing a sound. It involves causing or creating audible disturbances.
7. Make progress:
   • Explanation: "Make" here means to advance or improve in a particular area. It implies moving forward or achieving improvement.

Do

1. Do homework:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used for tasks or activities. "Doing homework" refers to completing assignments given by a teacher.
2. Do the housework:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used when performing tasks related to cleaning or maintaining a household.
3. Do subjects:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used when studying or taking courses in specific subjects at school or university.
4. Do a course:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used when engaging in a structured program of study. It implies taking and completing a course.
5. Do the shopping:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used when performing the activity of buying groceries or other items, often as a routine task.
6. Do research:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used for conducting a detailed and systematic investigation into a specific subject or area of study.
7. Do a favor:
   • Explanation: "Do" is used when performing an act of kindness or assistance for someone. It implies helping someone by completing a task for them.

Have

1. Have a rest:
   • Explanation: "Have" is used to indicate taking a break or pausing from activity to relax.
2. Have food and drink:
   • Explanation: "Have" is used when consuming food or beverages. It implies the action of eating or drinking.
3. Have a drink:
   • Explanation: "Have" here specifically refers to drinking something, often implying a social activity or refreshment.
4. Have a bath/shower:
   • Explanation: "Have" is used when engaging in the activity of bathing or showering. It implies washing oneself.
5. Have a party:
   • Explanation: "Have" is used when hosting or attending a social gathering. It implies organizing or participating in a celebration.
6. Have a baby:
   • Explanation: "Have" in this context refers to being pregnant or giving birth to a child. It implies the process of bringing a baby into the world.
7. Have a nice/great/terrible time:
   • Explanation: "Have" is used to describe experiencing a period or event with a particular feeling or outcome, such as enjoyment, boredom, or discomfort.

Take

1. Take an exam:
   • Explanation: "Take" is used when participating in a test or examination. It implies undergoing an assessment of knowledge or skills.
2. Take a photo:
   • Explanation: "Take" is used for capturing an image with a camera. It implies the act of photographing something or someone.
3. Take a decision:
   • Explanation: Similar to "make a decision," "take" in some contexts implies the responsibility or act of deciding between options.
4. Take a shower:
   • Explanation: "Take" is used when engaging in the activity of showering, similar to "have a shower." It implies washing oneself.
5. Take a bus/train/plane/taxi:
   • Explanation: "Take" is used when using a mode of transportation. It implies the action of riding or using a vehicle to get from one place to another.

There are general guidelines that can help you decide whether to use "make" or "do," though these rules have exceptions and many expressions simply need to be memorized. Here's a breakdown:
General Rules for "Make"

1. Creating or Producing Something:
   • Use "make" when you are talking about creating, constructing, or producing something that didn't exist before.
   • Examples:
     • Make a cake (create a cake)
     • Make a plan (develop a plan)
     • Make a decision (formulate a decision)
2. Causing a Reaction or Result:
   • Use "make" when your actions cause something to happen or produce a result.
   • Examples:
     • Make someone happy (cause someone to feel happy)
     • Make a noise (produce a noise)
3. For Food, Drinks, and Meals:
   • Use "make" when preparing or cooking food or drink.
   • Examples:
     • Make dinner
     • Make a cup of coffee

General Rules for "Do"

1. Performing Actions or Activities:
   • Use "do" when talking about general actions, tasks, or activities, especially routine or repetitive ones.
   • Examples:
     • Do homework
     • Do the laundry
     • Do the dishes
2. Talking about Work or Duties:
   • Use "do" when referring to work-related tasks or responsibilities.
   • Examples:
     • Do a job
     • Do the housework
     • Do business
3. For Non-specific Activities:
   • Use "do" when the activity isn't specified or is very general.
   • Examples:
     • Do something
     • Do nothing
     • Do your best

Key Differences

• "Make" usually implies the creation of something tangible (like "make a sandwich") or abstract (like "make a decision").
• "Do" typically refers to the performance of tasks, duties, or activities (like "do the shopping" or "do a favor").

Common CollocationsSome expressions are fixed and must be memorized:

• Make: a decision, a mistake, a noise, money, friends, an effort, arrangements
• Do: homework, business, the dishes, a favor, research, a job

Exceptions and OverlapsSome expressions can use both "make" and "do" but with different meanings:

• Make the bed (organize the bedding) vs. Do the bed (incorrect; only "make" is correct here).

In many cases, you’ll need to rely on experience and context, as English often defies rigid rules, especially with phrasal verbs and collocations.

Make & Do Explanation

Make & Do Explanation | Englisch Grammatik