Verb Patterns: Infinitive and Gerund
General Explanation: Verb Forms in English
In English, there are certain verbs that are followed by:
to + verb (infinitive)
verb + ing (gerund)
both forms – sometimes with the same meaning and sometimes with a different meaning
1. Verb + to + base form (infinitive)
These verbs often express plans, intentions, decisions, or wishes.
He decided to learn Spanish.
[Er beschloss, Spanisch zu lernen.]
They want to go to the beach.
[Sie wollen zum Strand gehen.]
She hopes to have a successful career.
[Sie hofft, eine erfolgreiche Karriere zu haben.]
2. Verb + -ing (gerund)
These verbs often describe likes, habits, avoidance, or admitting something. In the sentence, they often behave like a noun.
We enjoy playing board games.
[Wir spielen gerne Brettspiele.]
She admitted making a mistake.
[Sie gab zu, einen Fehler gemacht zu haben.]
3. Verbs that allow both forms
With some verbs, both forms are possible:
the meaning stays the same
or there is a small difference in meaning
She started to read / reading.
[Sie fing an zu lesen.]
I like working / to work in the garden.
[Ich arbeite gerne im Garten.]
-ing often expresses general enjoyment.
to + verb can sound more like preference or habit.
| Pattern | Verb | English Example | German Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
✅ to + Verb |
decide | He decided to learn Spanish | Er beschloss, Spanisch zu lernen |
| want | They want to go to the beach | Sie wollen zum Strand gehen | |
| hope | She hopes to have a successful career | Sie hofft, eine erfolgreiche Karriere zu haben | |
| plan | We plan to have a party | Wir planen, eine Party zu veranstalten | |
| pretend | They pretend to be asleep | Sie tun so, als würden sie schlafen | |
| learn | He decided to learn French | Er beschloss, Französisch zu lernen | |
|
🔵 Verb + -ing |
enjoy | We enjoy playing board games | Wir spielen gerne Brettspiele |
| avoid | We avoid eating junk food | Wir vermeiden es, Junkfood zu essen | |
| admit | She admitted making a mistake | Sie gab zu, einen Fehler gemacht zu haben | |
| miss | They miss playing together | Sie vermissen es, zusammen zu spielen | |
| imagine | She can imagine living abroad | Sie kann sich vorstellen, im Ausland zu leben | |
|
🟠 Both forms |
start | She started reading / to read the book | Sie fing an, das Buch zu lesen |
| like | I like working / to work in the garden | Ich arbeite gerne im Garten | |
| continue | He continues writing / to write novels | Er schreibt weiter Romane | |
| hate | I hate waiting / to wait in line | Ich hasse es, in der Schlange zu warten |
Choose the Correct Form of the Verb and then click on the blank to see the answer
1. We enjoy ______ tennis every weekend.
playing
a) to play
b) playing
2. He decided ______ a new language.
to learn
a) to learn
b) learning
3. They want ______ the gym after work.
to go to
a) going to
b) to go to
4. I hate ______ in long lines.
to wait / waiting
a) waiting
b) to wait
5. She started ______ a book last night.
to read / reading
a) to read
b) reading
6. We avoid ______ fast food.
eating
a) eating
b) to eat
7. He admitted ______ a mistake.
making
a) to make
b) making
8. They plan ______ a trip to Europe next summer.
to take
a) taking
b) to take
9. We enjoy ______ board games with friends.
playing
a) to play
b) playing
10. She hopes ______ a successful career.
to have
a) having
b) to have
11. They decided ______ a new business.
to start
a) to start
b) starting
12. I like ______ in the garden.
to work / working
a) working
b) to work
13. She can imagine ______ in a foreign country.
living
a) to live
b) living
14. He continues ______ on his novel.
to write / writing
a) writing
b) to write
15. They pretend ______ professional photographers.
to be
a) being
b) to be
16. I hope ______ the top of the mountain someday.
to reach
a) to reach
b) reaching
17. They miss ______ with their childhood friends.
playing
a) playing
b) to play
18. We plan ______ a picnic next weekend.
to have
a) having
b) to have
19. She admitted ______ a mistake.
making
a) making
b) to make
20. He likes ______ up early in the morning.
to wake / waking
a) to wake
b) waking
| Pattern | Verb | English Example | German Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
|
✅ to + Verb |
decide | He decided to learn Spanish | Er beschloss, Spanisch zu lernen |
| want | They want to go to the beach | Sie wollen zum Strand gehen | |
| hope | She hopes to have a successful career | Sie hofft, eine erfolgreiche Karriere zu haben | |
| plan | We plan to have a party | Wir planen eine Party zu veranstalten | |
| pretend | They pretend to be asleep | Sie tun so, als würden sie schlafen | |
| learn | He decided to learn French | Er beschloss, Französisch zu lernen | |
|
🔵 Verb + -ing |
enjoy | We enjoy playing board games | Wir spielen gerne Brettspiele |
| avoid | We avoid eating junk food | Wir vermeiden es, Junkfood zu essen | |
| admit | She admitted making a mistake | Sie gab zu, einen Fehler gemacht zu haben | |
| miss | They miss playing together | Sie vermissen es, zusammen zu spielen | |
| imagine | She can imagine living abroad | Sie kann sich vorstellen, im Ausland zu leben | |
|
🟠 Both forms |
start | She started reading / to read the book | Sie fing an, das Buch zu lesen |
| like | I like working / to work in the garden | Ich arbeite gerne im Garten | |
| continue | He continues writing / to write novels | Er schreibt weiter Romane | |
| hate | I hate waiting / to wait in line | Ich hasse es, in der Schlange zu warten |