Adjectives Explantion

Adjectives Explanation | Englisch Grammatik

Let’s break down adjective formation in detail, focusing on common suffixes like -ing, -ed, and others. These suffixes attach to verbs (and sometimes nouns) to create adjectives that describe qualities, states, or characteristics. Here's how to determine when to use them:

1. -ing Adjectives

• Usage: Describes the cause of a feeling, situation, or characteristic. It indicates that something is active or ongoingand has an effect on others.
• Formation: Add -ing to the base form of the verb.
• Examples:
  • Relax → Relaxing: "This campsite is relaxing." (The campsite causes relaxation.)
  • Excite → Exciting: "The trip was exciting." (The trip caused excitement.)
  • Amuse → Amusing: "The story was amusing." (The story caused amusement.)
  • Interest → Interesting: "The museum is interesting." (The museum causes interest.)

2. -ed Adjectives

• Usage: Describes the resulting state or feeling of a person or thing caused by an action. These adjectives are passive and typically apply to the subject that is affected.
• Formation: Add -ed to the base form of the verb.
• Examples:
  • Relax → Relaxed: "I feel relaxed." (I am in a state of relaxation caused by something.)
  • Excite → Excited: "We were excited about the trip." (We felt excitement caused by the trip.)
  • Amuse → Amused: "He was amused by the story." (He felt amusement caused by the story.)
  • Interest → Interested: "She is interested in hiking." (She feels interest because of hiking.)

Key Difference Between -ing and -ed Adjectives-ing (Cause)-ed (Effect)Describes what causes a feeling or effect.Describes how someone feels or is affected.
"The hike was exhausting.""I felt exhausted after the hike."
"The view is inspiring.""We were inspired by the view."
3. -able Adjectives

• Usage: Indicates that something is capable of or suitable for a particular action or quality.
• Formation: Add -able to the base verb (sometimes dropping silent letters like "e").
• Examples:
  • Rent → Rentable: "This bike is rentable." (The bike can be rented.)
  • Afford → Affordable: "This accommodation is affordable." (The accommodation is within one’s financial capacity.)
  • Discover → Discoverable: "The hiking trail is easily discoverable." (The trail can be discovered.)

4. -ive Adjectives

• Usage: Describes a tendency or capacity for something.
• Formation: Add -ive to the base verb.
• Examples:
  • Explore → Explorative: "The child was explorative." (The child tends to explore.)
  • Create → Creative: "The activity was creative." (It had a tendency to involve creativity.)
  • Impress → Impressive: "The view was impressive." (It tends to impress.)

5. -ic and -ical Adjectives

• Usage: Refers to a quality or characteristic associated with something, often abstract or conceptual.
• Formation: Add -ic or -ical to the base verb or noun.
• Examples:
  • Photograph → Photographic: "Her photographic skills are excellent." (Skills related to photography.)
  • Drama → Dramatic: "The landscape was dramatic." (The landscape had qualities of drama.)
  • History → Historical: "The museum contains historical artifacts." (The artifacts relate to history.)

6. Other Adjective Suffixes

• -ful: Indicates "full of" a particular quality.
  • Help → Helpful: "The staff were helpful." (Full of help.)
  • Cheer → Cheerful: "He was cheerful all day." (Full of cheer.)
• -less: Indicates "without" a particular quality.
  • Care → Careless: "She was careless with her belongings." (Lacking care.)
  • Fear → Fearless: "He was fearless during the hike." (Lacking fear.)

General Guidelines for Choosing the Right Suffix

1. Use -ing when describing what causes a feeling or characteristic.
   • "The activity is entertaining."
2. Use -ed when describing how someone feels or is affected.
   • "I felt entertained by the activity."
3. Use -able for capability or suitability.
   • "The boat is rentable."
4. Use -ive for tendency or inherent quality.
   • "The program is innovative."
5. Use -ic/-ical for abstract or associated qualities.
   • "The dramatic view left us speechless."

These patterns can help determine when to use each suffix and ensure the correct adjective form is applied.

Adjectives Explanation

Adjectives Explanation | Englisch Grammatik